Counseling during which sufficient information is given to people who are at risk of developing genetic diseases in themselves or their relatives, or who need to obtain genetic information from themselves and their families for any reason, is called genetic counseling. It is necessary for the genetic counselor to be able to study the family tree, analyze the family tree and estimate the amount of risk in the family. Often, genetic counselors have a general doctorate in medicine (with additional courses in genetics) or a specialized doctorate in medical genetics.

It can be said that the main purpose of providing this information to couples is to determine the probability of occurrence or recurrence of a hereditary disease in each pregnancy. Since many genetic disorders can be the cause of many deaths in infancy, it is better to have genetic counseling before marriage or during pregnancy in order to prevent the occurrence of these disorders. In the case of many genetic diseases such as disabilities for which there is no specific treatment until the 19th week of the disease, if a sick fetus is identified, it is possible to avoid the birth of the affected baby by using abortion therapy or to have advance knowledge for treatment and care measures.